Anticoagulants and Gene Editing Prove to Be Potential Coronary Artery Disease Therapeutics
Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of sudden death from heart attacks. The condition is more common in women than in men, but the risk can be reduced with changes in lifestyle and effective coronary artery disease therapeutics. According to ‘Heart disease and stroke statistics—2019 update’, a report from the American Heart Association, published in 2019, coronary artery disease accounted for 365,914 deaths in the U.S. in 2017
Having high blood pressure or diabetes without heart disease or hypertension increases the risk of cardiac arrest, especially in elderly women. The use of diuretics, calcium channel blockers (similar to beta-blockers) or antiplatelets, greatly reduces the risk of cardiovascular events. Recently, gene editing has shown potential in the treatment of coronary heart disease. In June 2020, Verve Therapeutics, a next-generation cardiovascular company, presented new preclinical proof-of-concept data in non-human primates that demonstrate the successful use of base editing to turn off a gene in the liver and thereby lower blood levels of either LDL cholesterol or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, two factors leading to coronary atherosclerosis.
Ace inhibitors, calcium channel blockers (BB), diuretics, beta-blockers, and shadow are all classed as anticoagulants. This means they stop the movement of blood through the blood vessels. BB, diuretics and beta-blockers reduce the rate and decrease the force of blood movement through the veins. They work by reducing the effect of "platelet coagulation", which is when platelets in the blood to pool and form clumps that restrict the flow of blood through the veins, arteries, and capillaries. The main disadvantage of using BB, diuretics or beta-blockers is the relatively slow onset of action, which makes them less effective than other treatment modalities.
With the use of anticoagulants, the amount of plaque built up on the interior walls of blood vessels and arteries is reduced or cleared. Plaque deposits can obstruct the flow of blood and cause problems. Coronary heart disease, stroke, heart attack, coronary artery disease therapeutics, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism, and venous reflux are some of the complications that can arise from coronary artery disease and/or hypertension. In persons with diabetes and hypertension, taking some beta-blockers (BB) or diuretics could prevent further progression of the disease and make the vessel walls stronger against the buildup of the plaques.
Diabetic people usually have normal body weights; hence, the connection between hypertension and obesity is based on studies of patients with type 2 diabetes who were diagnosed with cardio-vascular disease but did not smoke. In such cases, the researchers noted that the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were identical with that of non-diabetic patients. For patients with diabetes, however, the risk factors for all types of cardiovascular diseases were significantly increased. Likewise, the connection between diabetes and hypertension is also similar to that of non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease.
In persons with diabetes and hypertension, it is important to control the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Exercise, diet, and medication can help diabetics control their blood sugar levels and reduce their risk of developing serious health conditions such as heart attack and stroke. Smoking cessation, weight management, and blood pressure control can help in persons with diabetes and hypertension. Coronary artery disease therapeutics such as beta-blockers (BB), diuretics, and anticoagulants are prescribed depending on the severity of the condition. To prevent complications, it is important to follow the physician's advice and guidelines and take the medicines as prescribed.
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